What is the standard for using deadly force in defense of property?

The standard for using deadly force in defense of property is that it is never justified. The law in California, as well as in many other jurisdictions, establishes that deadly force should only be used in self-defense situations where there is a direct threat to a person’s life or serious bodily harm. Specifically regarding property defense, the use of deadly force is not permitted simply based on a perceived threat or the need to protect property; rather, it must be in response to an imminent threat to personal safety.

In the context of defense of property, reasonable and proportionate force can be used to protect one's property, but it cannot escalate to deadly force unless an individual is also facing a threat to their life. Therefore, deadly force is not an option purely for the defense of property, making the statement that it can only be used when the landowner feels directly threatened inaccurate, as that qualification does not exist for property defense. The principles of self-defense and defense of property are clearly delineated within the law, ensuring the protection of human life takes precedence over inanimate property.