Under which circumstances can a case initially filed in federal court be moved to state court?

In the context of civil procedure, a case filed in federal court typically cannot be moved to state court once it is established in federal jurisdiction, which aligns with the chosen answer. The fundamental principle is that federal courts have original jurisdiction under federal law, and parties generally cannot unilaterally transfer cases from federal to state court simply by a choice to do so after it has been filed.

The important aspect here is that once a federal court has taken jurisdiction over a case, the case remains there unless there is a valid legal basis for a transfer, such as a dismissal or remand for reasons like a lack of subject matter jurisdiction or improper removal. In situations where an action was removed from state court to federal court and later found to be improperly removed, there would be grounds for remand back to state court, but this does not imply a straightforward transfer of a case initially filed in federal court back to state court.

Understanding this distinction is crucial, as federal jurisdiction is derived from federal questions or diversity of citizenship among parties, whereas state courts handle matters governed by state law. Thus, jurisdictional issues heavily dictate where a case can be heard.